Users’ Perception of The Adequacy, Level of Satisfaction, Reliability and Safety of Sanitation Facilities in Selected Residential Zones of Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines users' perception of sanitation facilities across selected residential zones in Ibadan, Nigeria, focusing on four key dimensions: adequacy, satisfaction, reliability, and safety of sanitation practices. A survey research design was employed, utilising structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents across different residential zones in Ibadan. The sampling frame was drawn from three residential zones: low, medium, and high density residential areas, to capture a range of socioeconomic and infrastructural conditions. Respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling approach of every third household along randomly selected streets within each zone. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results reveal widespread dissatisfaction with sanitation infrastructure. 67% of respondents disagreed that public sanitation facilities were sufficient, while an overwhelming 95% rated waste collection facilities as poor or very poor. Although 60% considered drainage system adequate, an equal proportion reported frequent blockages, highlighting the critical distinction between infrastructure provision and maintenance. Public toilets demonstrate significant unreliability, with 61% reporting they were out of service often or very often. Regarding safety, 26% of respondents felt it was unsafe to use sanitation facilities. Notably, 77% recognised the health risks associated with poor sanitation, indicating high awareness despite infrastructure deficiencies. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated urban sanitation planning that prioritises maintenance alongside infrastructure provision, strengthens institutional capacity, and leverages community awareness for participatory interventions.